Cholinesterase inhibitory activity, antioxidative potential and microbial stability of innovative liver pâté fortified with rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Background: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) contains active substances that have desirable properties for industrial and herbal medicine applications, e.g., essential oils (1.5­2.5%), tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, resins, phytosterols, rosmarinic acid and many others. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of rosemary extract and 20% rapeseed oil substitution for animal fat on storage changes and inhibition of cholinesterases in liver pâté. Results: Preliminary research showed that rosemary extract exhibited antioxidative activity in the system of accelerated Rancimat and Oxidograph tests. Then, rosemary extract was used as an ingredient in liver pâté. During the experiment, meat samples were refrigerated and tested on days 1, 5, 8, 12 and 15 after production. The study proved that the substitution of 20% of animal fat with rapeseed oil decreased the content of saturated acids and increased the content of monoenic fatty acids by approximately 5% and polyene fatty acids by 40%. Conclusions: In addition to antioxidative activity, the rosemary extract affected the health-promoting value of the samples, which inhibited cholinesterase activity during the entire storage period. The extract inhibited AChE more than BChE.

An Effective Strategy for the Development of Rapeseed Oil-Based Biodiesel Industry / 中国生物工程杂志

Rapeseed oil is one of the major raw materials for biodiesel production. The bottleneck of rapeseed oil-based biodiesel production at present is high cost of raw materials, which generally accounts for about 75% of total production cost. Current status and principal problems concerned in the production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil in China and other countries were introduced, based on which it was proposed to grow high-erucic acid rape in existing winter fallow fields and jointly produce biodiesel, erucic acid and its derivative products, and other highly valuable by-products such as glycerin and sterols from high-erucic acid rapeseed oil. The feasibility of this development strategy was analyzed in terms of product and market demand potential, economic benefits of enterprises, techniques and conditions of production, and source of raw materials. It was believed that the implementation of the strategy in China was of great significance in realizing rise and sustainable development of rapeseed oil-based biodiesel production, improving quality of biodiesel, promoting the development of biochemical engineering and many other industries, as well as in building a socialist new countryside.

CHANGES OF TOCOPHEROL DURING THE REFINING PROCESS OF RAPESEED OIL / 营养学报

Objective: To clarify the changes of content and composition of tocopherol in rapeseed oil during the refining process. Methods: The content and composition of tocopherol was determined by HPLC. Results: The content of tocopherol in oil is: crude oil 0.1298%, degummed and neutralized oil 0.1189 %, bleached oil 0.0825%, deodorized oil 0.0686%. Compared to crude oil, the total tocopherol content decreased 47.1% after the whole refining process,and the ?-tocopherol content decreased 33.1%,66.4%,66.7% after degumming and neutralization, bleaching, deodorization, respectively. Conclusion: The content of tocopherol and ?-tocopherol decreases significantly as well as the relative proportion of ?-tocopherol in total tocopherol after refining.These changes must be taken into account during the refining technology optimization, utilization of by-products and evaluation of oxidant stability of rapeseed oil .

EFFECTS OF HIGH ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL ON FATTY ACID OXIDATION IN RAT LIVER / 营养学报

The effects of high erucic acid rapeseed oil (HER) on fatty acid oxidation in rat livers compared with low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LER) were studied. Weanling male SD rats were fed on 20% (% by weight, similarly hereinbelow) HER or LER diet for a week or 4 weeks, or 5% HER diet for 4 weeks. The hepatic capacity for oxidation of butyric acid and palmitic acid was determined by titrating the acetone produced by the fatty acid oxidation. The results showed that feeding HER to rats led to an increse in weight of liver and the extent of this increase was positively correlated to the intake of erucic acid (C22:1, n-9 cis). Feeding HER reduced the hepatic oxidation capacity for palmitic acid, notably in 20% HER (1 wk) group. Feeding LER had not shown this effect,indicating that erucic acid plays an important role in the toxicity of rapeseed oil. In the present study it was not found that the hepatic oxidation capacity for butyric acid was influenced by the intake of HER. Therefore, we considered that the inhibitory effect of HER on oxidation of long-chain fatty acids probably resulted from that the incorporation of erucic acid into mitocho-ndrial membranes interfered with the fatty acyl-CoA transfering system on the membranes, leading the fatty acyl-CoA to be unable to enter the mitochondria and to be oxidized there, but not from that the B-oxidation system in mitochondria was directly inhibited.